Artificiële Intelligentie & Recht
Innovation, Quantum-AI Technology & Law
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Blog over Kunstmatige Intelligentie, Quantum, Deep Learning, Blockchain en Big Data Law

Blog over juridische, sociale, ethische en policy aspecten van Kunstmatige Intelligentie, Quantum Computing, Sensing & Communication, Augmented Reality en Robotica, Big Data Wetgeving en Machine Learning Regelgeving. Kennisartikelen inzake de EU AI Act, de Data Governance Act, cloud computing, algoritmes, privacy, virtual reality, blockchain, robotlaw, smart contracts, informatierecht, ICT contracten, online platforms, apps en tools. Europese regels, auteursrecht, chipsrecht, databankrechten en juridische diensten AI recht.

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Mauritz Kop Advises Stanford FSI Students on Quantum Policy and Cybersecurity Project
Mauritz Kop Advises Stanford FSI Students on Quantum Policy and Cybersecurity Project

Mauritz Kop advised a Stanford student research team on their quantum policy and cybersecurity project—part of Technology, Innovation, and Great Power Competition, the policy-entrepreneurship course at the Gordian Knot Center for National Security Innovation, Freeman Spogli Institute (FSI).

Startup methods, statecraft problems

In Steve Blank's experiential course, student teams take real-world challenges from U.S. and partner-nation policymakers and work them like founders: rapid discovery, agile iteration, actionable insights for real decision-makers. One team—led by Hannah Nabavi, a graduate student in Aeronautics and Astronautics and Threshold Venture Fellow—chose the quantum frontier: quantum computing and post-quantum cybersecurity as a great-power-competition problem.

From Q-Day to the three pillars

Kop's advisory session gave the team its working map: the Q-Day threat and why harvest-now, decrypt-later collection makes it urgent today; post-quantum cryptography mitigation in finance; the three quantum pillars of computing, sensing, and networking; and the investment ecosystem—startups, ventures, and the discipline that separates substance from hype. It is the same teaching thread he brings to quantum computing and law students at Fordham.

The next quantum policy generation

When aerospace engineers choose post-quantum security as their policy challenge, the signal—in Kop's reading—is clear: quantum literacy is becoming core strategic literacy. The team set out to share its final paper at the end of the fall 2025 quarter—exactly the kind of student work the quantum governance field needs more of.

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Quantum Technology, Teaching, UniversityMauritz KopMauritz Kop, Stanford University, Quantum Governance, Post-Quantum Cryptography, Stanford RQT, Freeman Spogli Institute, Gordian Knot Center, Great Power Competition, Steve Blank, Stanford Students
Mauritz Kop Teaches Quantum Governance at the United States Air Force Academy
Mauritz Kop Teaches Quantum Governance at the United States Air Force Academy

Mauritz Kop, Founder of the Stanford Center for Responsible Quantum Technology, returned to the United States Air Force Academy—where he serves as guest professor—to teach cadets a class titled Responsible Quantum Technology: Establishing a Legal-Ethical Framework. The session began with the physics and moved to the geostrategic, legal, and ethical architecture the field will need as it matures, addressing two questions the cadets had prepared: why govern quantum before it is mature, and what framework best balances innovation against risk.

From the mechanics to the law

The lecture grounded its policy argument in the physics of the second quantum revolution. Where classical systems encode definite bits, quantum systems exploit superposition, entanglement, and tunneling to unlock new categories of capability across computing, sensing, simulation, and networking—from drug discovery and novel materials to jam-resistant navigation and physically grounded secure communications. The same properties that make the technology powerful, Kop argued, strain a legal order built on certainty, locality, and linear causality, which is why quantum governance calls for a tailored, sui generis approach rather than a retrofit of existing rules. The themes extend the line of work Kop set out in Establishing a Legal-Ethical Framework for Quantum Technology.

Why govern before maturity

On the cadets' first question, Kop drew on the Collingridge dilemma—control is easiest early, when knowledge is limited but options remain open—and on his metaphor of a quantum event horizon, a threshold beyond which technological lock-in makes the path far harder to redirect. Acting while the technology is still malleable, he argued, is not a brake on innovation but a precondition for steering it toward democratic values, public trust, and the legal certainty that long-horizon research and investment depend on.

A two-pillar framework

To the second question, Kop offered an integrated two-pillar response: agile, risk-based regulation that tiers obligations by an application's risk, paired with a strategic industrial and security policy that builds national capacity—funding across the lab-to-market pipeline, supply-chain resilience for critical minerals and components, talent development, and shared research infrastructure. This is the operational form of the Responsible Quantum Technology framework, organized under the SEA principles of safeguarding, engaging, and advancing the technology, and aimed at steering innovation rather than slowing it.

Dual-use and deterrence

For future Air Force and Space Force officers, the dual-use character of quantum technology was the connecting thread. The most acute near-term concern is the cryptographic threat—"Q-Day" and "Harvest Now, Decrypt Later"—which makes the migration to post-quantum cryptography a present-tense security task. Set against great-power competition, Kop's prescription is deliberate stewardship: embedding democratic values into standards early, protecting research from state-sponsored theft, and cooperating with allies, themes he has also brought to venues including the Hoover Institution. The class closed on the conviction that technology's trajectory is a matter of choice, and that engaging its technical, strategic, legal, and ethical dimensions is a core professional responsibility for the officers who will shape these systems.

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Teaching, Quantum Technology, GovernanceMauritz KopMauritz Kop, Quantum Governance, Stanford RQT, National Security, Governance, Policy, Quantum-ELSPI, Standards, US Air Force Academy, Teaching, Dual-Use, Post-Quantum Cryptography
Mauritz Kop Teaches Stanford Quantum Computing Association Students at Stanford Electrical Engineering
Mauritz Kop Teaches Stanford Quantum Computing Association Students at Stanford Electrical Engineering

STANFORD, CA, April 16, 2024 – Today, Mauritz Kop, Founding Director of the newly established Stanford Center for Responsible Quantum Technology (RQT), delivered a lecture to the Stanford Quantum Computing Association (SQCA) at Stanford Electrical Engineering, titled "A Call for Responsible Quantum Technology." The interdisciplinary lecture was a featured event in the SQCA's distinguished "Industry Nights" speaker series and concluded with an engaging question-and-answer session with Stanford's outstanding physics, computer science, and electrical engineering students.

The Stanford Quantum Computing Association (SQCA)

The Stanford Quantum Computing Association (SQCA) serves as a vital hub for the university's burgeoning quantum community, connecting students across disciplines with the forefront of quantum innovation. SQCA’s mission is to establish and support a quantum computing community at Stanford by building bridges between students, researchers, and faculty from various departments interested in the field. Its "Industry Nights" series consistently hosts influential voices from leading companies and research institutions such as Google Quantum AI, D-Wave Quantum, and Quantinuum, providing quantum computing students with direct access to the field's pioneers. The SQCA also acts as a liaison between the Stanford quantum community and academic and industry groups outside the university. Its activities include hosting talks, holding workshops, and organizing projects.

Ethics, Law, Societal Impact, Economics, and Policy

During his talk, Professor Kop outlined a comprehensive vision for navigating the dawn of the quantum age. He introduced the concepts of the Quantum-ELSPI metaparadigm—which addresses the ethical, legal, socio-economic, and policy implications of the technology—and the Responsible Quantum Technology (RQT) framework developed by a transatlantic team of interdisciplinary scholars. The RQT framework, Kop explained, integrates these ELSPI perspectives into the entire lifecycle of quantum research and development, from the lab to the market.

To make this framework actionable, Kop presented the "10 Principles for Responsible Quantum Innovation," a guide designed to operationalize RQT. These principles are organized into three functional categories: Safeguarding, Engaging, and Advancing (SEA). A crucial insight shared was that safeguarding society and humanity can often be best achieved by responsibly advancing quantum technology. This vision was recently detailed in a paper co-authored by Kop and his team, "A Call for Responsible Quantum Technology," which was notably published in the prestigious journal Nature Physics on April 9, 2024, lending significant credibility to the mission of embedding responsible governance within the scientific community.

Stanford Center for RQT and Stanford Quantum Incubator (SQI) Launch

The lecture was also marked by two significant announcements for the Stanford quantum community. Kop officially introduced the Stanford Center for RQT, a new multidisciplinary center under his leadership that aims to influence the emerging quantum technology governance cycle and foster a competitive, values-based quantum ecosystem. He also unveiled the recent launch of the Stanford Quantum Incubator (SQI), a Silicon Valley business catalyst designed to bridge the gap between academia, government, investors, and industry to accelerate quantum development and adoption.

The presentation underscored the massive global implications of quantum technology, which is poised to transform everything from healthcare and energy to defense and materials science. By engaging directly with the next generation of quantum scientists and engineers at the SQCA, Kop emphasized the shared responsibility of the entire community to steer these powerful technologies toward beneficial societal and planetary outcomes while the field is still malleable.

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Teaching, Quantum Technology, StanfordMauritz KopStanford Quantum Computing Association, Students, Mauritz Kop, Physics, Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, Teaching
SandboxAQ Invites Mauritz Kop to Give RQT Lecture and Workshop
SandboxAQ Invites Mauritz Kop to Give RQT Lecture and Workshop

On October 25, 2023, SandboxAQ hosted Mauritz Kop, visiting ‘quantum and law’ scholar at Stanford University, for a lecture and interactive workshop focused on the principles of Responsible Quantum Technology (RQT). The opportunity to engage with a leading enterprise at the intersection of artificial intelligence and quantum science was both timely and imperative. The dialogue that unfolded underscored the critical importance of embedding ethical, legal, and societal considerations into the fabric of quantum innovation from its outset.

Appreciation was extended to the SandboxAQ team for organizing this important event, particularly Marianna Bonanome, PhD, Head of External Education Programs; Kayla Quinnies, PhD, Residency Program Manager; Nina Bindel; Amro Imam, and Vice-President Fernando Dominguez Pinuaga. Their commitment to fostering a culture of responsible development is a testament to the company's forward-thinking leadership.

The SandboxAQ Mission: An Intersection of AI and Quantum

To fully appreciate the context of the discussion, it is useful to understand the unique position SandboxAQ occupies in the technology landscape. The company, which began as an independent research group within Alphabet Inc. and officially launched as a standalone company in 2022, is built on the convergence of AI and quantum technologies, an area they term 'AQ'. This strategic focus allows them to develop commercially viable, enterprise-scale solutions today, without dependency on the eventual arrival of fault-tolerant quantum computers.

Led by CEO Jack D. Hidary, SandboxAQ directs its efforts toward solving complex challenges across several key domains:

Simulation & Optimization: Accelerating the discovery of new medicines and materials by simulating molecular interactions, with applications in life sciences, chemicals, and finance.

Quantum Security: Providing solutions for the transition to post-quantum cryptography (PQC), a critical undertaking for protecting sensitive, long-lifespan data from the future threat of cryptanalytically relevant quantum computers. The company emphasizes that "Store Now, Decrypt Later" attacks are an immediate concern, necessitating urgent action.

Quantum Sensing: Leveraging the inherent sensitivity of quantum systems to develop novel sensors for applications in medical imaging, navigation, and material science.

A cornerstone of the company's ethos is its Education (EDU) division. With a charter "To educate the world on AQ so any person or institution can participate in and develop technology to impact the world in positive ways," the EDU team focuses on growing the AQ market, building a diverse talent pipeline, and instilling a culture of ethical and responsible innovation. This commitment to education and responsibility provided a fertile ground for the dialogue on the governance of quantum technologies.

Laying the Foundation: From Quantum-ELSPI to Responsible Quantum Technology

The central theme of the lecture was the proactive governance of quantum technology. The potential for this suite of technologies to be transformative—impacting everything from global security and economic stability to fundamental scientific research—demands a departure from the reactive regulatory postures that have characterized previous technological waves.

The starting point was the concept of Quantum-ELSPI, which refers to the interconnected Ethical, Legal, Socio-economic, and Policy Implications of quantum technologies. This framework serves two purposes: normatively, it acts as a metaparadigm for guiding development; descriptively, it establishes a broad, interdisciplinary research agenda. By examining the successes and failures in the governance of AI, nanotechnology, nuclear, and biotechnology, valuable lessons can be derived for the quantum era.

From this foundation, the concept of Responsible Quantum Technology (RQT) was introduced. This is a comprehensive framework developed by a transatlantic, interdisciplinary team of scholars from institutions including Stanford, Harvard, Oxford, and Cambridge, led by Stanford Law School’s Mauritz Kop. RQT integrates Quantum-ELSPI considerations with the established dimensions of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI): anticipation, inclusion, reflection, and responsiveness. Its objective is to ensure that quantum research and innovation efforts are aligned with societal needs and enhance planetary welfare, deliberately steering development toward beneficial outcomes while the technology is still malleable.

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Academics, Conference, Stanford RQT, TeachingMauritz KopSandboxAQ, Quantum, Stanford RQT, Governance, Marianna Bonanome, Kayla Quinnies, Nina Bindel, Amro Imam, Fernando Dominguez Pinuaga, Google, Alphabet, Lecture, Mauritz Kop